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2021-06-18T13:43:24+09:00
2021-06-18T13:43:24+09:00
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Ritsumeikan Univ.KO-495
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1 g
10 36 574.5 780 re
f
BT
0 g
/TT0 1 Tf
14.25 0 0 14.25 76.9769 788.25 Tm
(Study on mutations associated with chromosome-structure alterations in)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.112 -1.211 Td
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 499.6738 742.5 Tm
(Yuri Nishida)Tj
-37.931 -2.313 Td
(Mendel has shown that genes are stably transmitted from a generation to \
the next. However, it is later)Tj
-1 -1.5 Td
(found that genes change \(or mutate\) though at very low frequency, and \
now it is widely accepted that)Tj
0 -1.5 TD
(mutations are main driving force of evolution. It is further later found\
that genes consist of DNA and that)Tj
T*
(mutations are alterations of the structure of DNA. Studies of mutation a\
t molecular level have focused mainly)Tj
T*
(on base substitutions of DNA \(and thus amino acid substitutions of prot\
ein\). Consequently, mutations that)Tj
T*
(associate with alterations of chromosome-structure remained obscure. The\
role of retrotransposons in)Tj
T*
(generation of chromosome polymorphism became apparent recently. Because \
this notion relies mainly on)Tj
T*
(experiments done under sophisticated, and thus artificial, conditions, t\
here remaines questions whether the)Tj
T*
(obtained results truly represent natural events.)Tj
1 -2.5 Td
(In this study, I showed that )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
11.083 0 Td
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae sir4-11)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
13.662 0 Td
( strains were useful in the study of mutations)Tj
-25.745 -1.5 Td
(in the )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
2.5 0 Td
(HMR)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(a)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( locus \(especially, mutations that caused alteration of the chromosome \
structure\). It had been)Tj
-2.5 -1.5 Td
(previously established that an )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
12.108 0 Td
(S. cerevisiae)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
5.053 0 Td
( strain bearing a )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
6.664 0 Td
(sir4-11)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( mutation \()Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
7.277 0 Td
(HML)Tj
/C2_0 1 Tf
<012E>Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
(MAT)Tj
/C2_0 1 Tf
<012E>Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
(HMR)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(a)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
(sir4-11)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\))Tj
-31.103 -1.5 Td
(formed diploid clones, at a very low frequency, when mated with an )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
27.547 0 Td
(a)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( mating strain \()Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
6.582 0 Td
(HML)Tj
/C2_0 1 Tf
<012E>Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
(MAT)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(a)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
(HMR)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(a)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
(SIR)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
8.25 0 0 8.25 32.5 469.5 Tm
(+)Tj
12 0 0 12 37.1527 468 Tm
(\) and that the diploid clones obtained from such a cross often had alte\
red forms of the )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
34.462 0 Td
(HMR)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(a)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(-containing)Tj
-34.85 -1.5 Td
(restriction fragment. I extended this study and obtained evidence that t\
he target of alteration was the )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
40.292 0 Td
(a)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
-40.292 -1.5 Td
(cassette rather than the )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
9.384 0 Td
(HMR)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( locus. I moreover found that the mutations in )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
20.718 0 Td
(HMR)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(a)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( locus were generated in the)Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
-30.102 -1.5 Td
(sir4-11)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( strain before its mating with the )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
16.136 0 Td
(a)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( mating partner; that is, a mutation that causes loss of the function of\
)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-16.136 -1.5 Td
(a)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( cassette in )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
5.137 0 Td
(HMR)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( changes the )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
7.358 0 Td
(sir4-11)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( strain to )Tj
/C2_0 1 Tf
6.639 0 Td
<012E>Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(-mating, and the mutated )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
10.771 0 Td
(sir4-11)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( strain then undertakes the)Tj
-29.905 -1.5 Td
(normal mating reaction against an )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
13.856 0 Td
(a)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(-mating partner. As the result, the mutation occurred in the )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
24.271 0 Td
(sir4-11)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( strain)Tj
-38.127 -1.5 Td
(is recovered in the resultant diploid clone. In this thesis, I present t\
he results of analyses of the structure of the)Tj
T*
(altered forms of restriction fragment containing )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
19.271 0 Td
(HMR.)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( In conclusion, I found that they were associated with)Tj
-19.271 -1.5 Td
("conversion of )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
(HMR)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(a)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \(638 bp\) to )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
(HMR)Tj
/C2_0 1 Tf
<012E>Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\(742 bp\)", "insertion of a Ty element \(6 kbp\) into Y)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
37.157 0 Td
(a)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( of )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
(HMR)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(" and)Tj
-37.157 -1.5 Td
("more complex rearrangements of chromosome III \(elongation of chromosom\
e III by 120 kbp or more\)".)Tj
T*
(Based on these observations, I discuss roles of "DNA repair", "Ty insert\
ion" and ")Tj
/C2_0 1 Tf
32.896 0 Td
<012F>Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( mediated recombination")Tj
-32.896 -1.5 Td
(in dynamism of genome.)Tj
ET
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