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2021-06-18T13:43:22+09:00
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2021-06-18T13:43:22+09:00
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Ritsumeikan Univ.KO-489
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14.25 0 0 14.25 44.2847 788.25 Tm
(Responses of Municipalities to Deregulation in Bus Transportation in Kin\
ki Region)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 492.3555 759.75 Tm
(Manabu Inoue)Tj
-37.321 -2.313 Td
(The purpose of this paper is to discuss the regional differences relatin\
g to provision of bus transportation)Tj
-1 -1.5 Td
(services and clarify influences of deregulation and subsidy system in Ki\
nki Region.)Tj
1 -2.5 Td
(To analyze bus services operated by local authorities, bus services in t\
he Osaka and Kyoto municipalities)Tj
-1 -1.5 Td
(and four prefectures in the Kinki Region were examined as to time when s\
ervices were introduced, fares and)Tj
0 -1.5 TD
(types of operation, and the following became clear.)Tj
1 -2.5 Td
(\(1\) Local authorities which started bus services prior to 1995 or afte\
r 2000 are mainly located on the)Tj
-1 -1.5 Td
(outskirts of the Kinki Region, on the edges of urban areas and in their \
outlying districts, and mostly used)Tj
T*
(replacement of abolished buses.)Tj
1 -2.5 Td
(\(2\) Local authorities which started bus services in recent years are m\
ainly located in metropolitan area and)Tj
-1 -1.5 Td
(on the outskirts of the Kinki Region, and mostly use community buses.)Tj
1 -2.5 Td
(Regarding operational know-how, local authorities do not put so much emp\
hasis on cost and are swayed)Tj
-1 -1.5 Td
(more by the precedents of neighboring local authorities. National and pr\
efectural assistance measures have)Tj
T*
(also largely influenced bus services provided by local authorities.)Tj
1 -2.5 Td
(From these, above mentioned situation of \(1\) only means to maintain ex\
isting bus routes, and to "maintain")Tj
-1 -1.5 Td
(accessibility. Same as \(1\), the fact of \(2\) shows to eliminate areas\
with no transport, and to "improve")Tj
T*
(accessibility.)Tj
1 -2.5 Td
(New entrant starts the business from a small-scale route, and next, it h\
as expanded the route. Although,)Tj
-1 -1.5 Td
(there was cream skimming clause in the deregulation it didn't function.)Tj
1 -2.5 Td
(Kyoto City bus association has opposed the new entries by improving the \
convenience of the bus)Tj
-1 -1.5 Td
(commuter pass. This change means the similar effect to the reduction of \
the fare. According to this case,)Tj
T*
(Japanese bus market can be said imperfectly contestable market. The abov\
e result is applicable also to whole)Tj
T*
(Japan.)Tj
ET
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